Chosen aspects of the shadow economy in the world and in Slovakia
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Nov 4, 2016
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Abstract
The presented paper deals with chosen aspects of the shadow economy in the world and in Slovakia. The shadow economy is a worldwide phenomenon and shadow-economic activities may generate different effects and problems. It is generally known that it involves legal or illegal economic activities of any economic entity, which are performed outside the reach and control of government authorities. The aim of the article is to present chosen information on the shadow economy from the global aspect, subsequently to describe and analyse shadow-economic activities that are typical for the Slovak economy. In the context of the paper’s aim, the authors divided the paper in two main parts. The introduction part is devoted to the theoretical aspects of the discussed issue with emphasize on defining of the shadow economy and determining main aspects that are analysed in connection with the shadow economy. In the second part, the authors mainly deal with the issue of measuring of the shadow economy. In this part, inter alia, the authors present chosen information on the shadow economy from the global perspective by summarizing already existing findings. An important part of this section constitute findings of different analyses of the shadow economy and shadow-economic activities in Slovakia. The authors present findings from already existing analyses as well as their own findings to get a comprehensive view on the discussed issue. Based on the findings, in the last part, authors will present proposals how to solve and fight against shadow-economic activities.
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References
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http://www.ceit.sk/IVPR/images/IVPR/vyskum/2014/Bednarik/2170_bednarik.pdf
Belev, B. (2002). The Informal economy in the EU accession countries: Size, scope, trends and challenges in the process of EU enlargement. Retrieved from: http://www.csd.bg/artShowbg.php?id=12954
Eilat, Y., & Zinnes, C. (2002). The Shadow economy in transition countries: friend or foe? A Policy perspective. World Development, 30(7), p. 1233-1254. Retrieved from:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X02000360
Enste, D. H. (2003). Shadow economy and institutional change in transition countries. Retrieved from:
http://www.brainguide.de/upload/publication/52/jtvj/e78473d06cd3faf157061dc7e5b12e32_1311535210.pdf
Eurobarometer (2014). Special Eurobarometer report 402. Undeclared work in the EU. Retrieved from:
http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_402_en.pdf
Fassman, M. (2007). Stínová ekonomika a práce na černo. Praha: Sondy.
Feige, E. L. (1979). How big is the irregular economy? Challenge, 22(5). Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40719809?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
Hart, K. W. (1973). Informal income opportunities and urban employment in Ghana. Journal of Modern African Studies 11(1). Retrieved from:
http://www.sv.uio.no/sai/english/research/projects/anthropos-and-the-material/Intranet/economic-practices/readinacg-group/texts/hart-informal-income-opportunities-and-urban-employment-in-ghana.pdf
Houston, J., F. (1987). Estimating the size and implications of the underground economy. Working paper 87/9. Jersey (Philadelphia): Federal Reserve of Philadelphia.
Klinec, V. (1997). Transformácia: budovanie kapitalizmu alebo prechod k informačnej spoločnosti? Retrieved from: http://www.akademickyrepozitar.sk/sk/repozitar/transformacia-budovanie-alebo-prechod.pdf
Lichard, T., Hanousek, J., & Filer, R. K. (2012). Measuring the shadow economy: endogenous switching regression with unobserved separation. Institute for the study of Labour. Research Paper Series no. 6901. Retrieved from: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2161238##
Lewis, W. A. (1955). Theory of economic growth. Eastbourne: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.
Merler, S., & Hüttl, P. (2015). Welcome to dark side: GDP revision on the non-observed economy. Retrieved form: http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2015-03-08/welcome-dark-side-gdp-non-observed-economy
Ministry of the Finance of the Slovak Republic, (2016). Decree No. 188/2016 Coll. on laying down a number of issued cash receipts for the use of virtual cash register.
Mróz, B. (2002). Gospodarka nieoficjalna w systemie economicznym. Varszawa: Szkoła Główna Handlowa Oficyna Wydawnicza.
National Council of the Slovak Republic (2008). Act No. 289/2008 Coll. on the use of electronic cash registers and on amendments to Act No. 511/1992 Coll. on administration of taxes and fees and on changes in territorial financial authorities as amended.
National Council of the Slovak Republic (2012). Act No. 394/2012 Coll. on the restrictions of the cash payments.
National Council of the Slovak Republic (2005). Law No. 171/2005 Coll. on gambling as amended by the Act No. 135/2013 Coll. amending and supplementing the Act No. 199/2004 Coll. customs Act as amended.
OECD (2002). Measuring the non-observed economy. A handbook. Retrieved from: https://www.oecd.org/std/na/1963116.pdf
Orviská, M. (2004). Makroekonomické a inštitucionálne aspekty tieňovej ekonomiky a daňových únikov. Acta Facultatis Aerarii Publici, 1(2), pp. 241 – 248.
Rabinowitz, M. (2011). Rise of the shadow economy: second largest economy in the world. Retrieved from: http://www.forbes.com/sites/benzingainsights/2011/11/07/rise-of-the-shadow-economy-second-largest-economy-in-the-world/#4c81c01d5d38
Schneider, F. (2015). Size and Development of the Shadow Economy of 31 European and 5 other OECD Countries from 2003 to 2015: Different Developments. Retrieved from: http://www.econ.jku.at/531/
Schneider, F. (2015). Tax losses due to Shadow Economy Activities in OECD Countries from 2011 to 2013: A Preliminary Calculation. CESifo Working Paper Series no. 5649. Retrieved from: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2718882
Schneider, F., Raczkowski, K., & Mróz, B. (2015). Shadow economy and tax evasion in the EU. Journal on Money Laundering Control, 18(1), pp. 34-51. Retrieved from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-09-2014-0027
Schneider, F., & Williams, C. C. (2013). The Shadow economy. London: The Institute of Economic Affairs. Retrieved from:
http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/IEA%20Shadow%20Economy%20web%20rev%207.6.13.pdf
Smith, P. (1994). Assessing the size of the underground economy: the Canadian statistical perspectives. Canadian Economic Observer, 11–010, pp. 16–33.
Van Eck, R. (1987). Secondary Activities and the National Accounts. Working paper. Voorburg: Central Bureau of Statistics.
Van de Ven, P. (2015). New standards for compiling national accounts: what’s the impact on GDP and other macro-economic indicators? OECD Statistics Brief, 20. Retrieved from: http://www.oecd.org/std/na/new-standards-for-compiling-national-accounts-SNA2008-OECDSB20.pdf
Vilhelm, D. (2013). Niektoré prístupy k tieňovej ekonomike. Retrieved from:
http://www.cutn.sk/Library/proceedings/mch_2013/editovane_prispevky/14.Vilhelm.pdf